Well Type

The most common types of wells in Newfoundland and Labrador are drilled wells and dug wells. Drilled wells are often known as artisan wells. The proper construction, maintenance, and most likely sources of contaminants depend on the type of well.

Dug Wells

Dug wells are at higher risk of contamination than drilled wells because they obtain water from shallow groundwater aquifers, and contaminants are more likely to be found closer to the surface. Dug wells are also very difficult to make vermin proof. If you own a dug well, be sure to test it at least each fall and spring and consider replacing it with a drilled well if your water supply is not adequate or you have concerns about its safety.

Dug wells are typically 3.7m - 7.6m (12-25 ft) deep and have a diameter of about 1 m (3.3 ft). There are ways to ensure that you reduce the risk of contamination of your dug well. If you are planning on constructing a dug well, make sure you contact your local Environmental Health Officer for assistance.

Click here for a list of resources for dug wells, including the Sanitary Dug Well brochure that shows the necessary components of a sanitary dug well.

Drilled wells obtain water from deep groundwater aquifers. Drilled wells are typically about 45 m (150 ft) deep and have a diameter of 15 cm (6 in). If they are properly constructed and maintained, they are not as likely to have contamination, but because of their depth they may have mineral or chemical additives that could affect the quality of your water. Chemical testing should be conducted on every new drilled well. The Water Resources Act states that a provincially licensed well driller must construct all drilled wells.

A list of provincially licensed well drillers can be obtained from the Dept. of Environment and Conservation, Groundwater Division.